&nbsp;Nepal showed great fight against Bangladesh in the final of the SAFF Women’s Football Championship, but ultimately the Bengal Tigresses were just a little better than the Nepalis at in Kathmandu on Wednesday evening. &nbsp; &nbsp;Following the chaotic <a href="https://nepalitimes.com/news/ruckus-at-the-rangasala">semi-final victory three days previously against India</a>, where play was halted for more than an hour as fans and players protested repeated refereeing mistakes, Nepal wanted to see its women’s team to carry on the momentum against Bangladesh, even though it had beaten Nepal &nbsp;twice before. &nbsp;&nbsp; All tickets for the game were to be sold physically in three locations and thousands were already lining up at 4 am. Ticket sales started at 8 am, and were already sold out in two hours. &nbsp; As the two national anthems rang throughout the Rangasala, the Nepali women lined up in a blue kits against the Bangladeshi team in jerseys that had a red-to-green gradient. Prime Minister KP Oli was in attendance and would hand out trophies, medals and awards at the end of the game.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241031141012_af065ae79f5612c8de0caf9219ba44f7e0e3a13541875669f812936503b3c6d1.jpg" data-media-id="editor_1" data-image-id="20241031141012_af065ae79f5612c8de0caf9219ba44f7e0e3a13541875669f812936503b3c6d1" data-rendition-name="original" width="1954" height="1302" loading="lazy" alt="SAFF Women's Championship 2024 NT"> </figure>   <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/2024103114108_ac06c088fb5431bd6f86049a2e33e623f3a3fdde4713c4f83c5727d7642d2e87.jpg" data-media-id="editor_2" data-image-id="2024103114108_ac06c088fb5431bd6f86049a2e33e623f3a3fdde4713c4f83c5727d7642d2e87" data-rendition-name="original" width="1779" height="1185" loading="lazy" alt="SAFF Women's Championship 2024 NT"> </figure>  There was intense support from the home crowd on a pitch that looked quite good, in contrast to the state it was in during the monsoon when Japanese Veteran, ex-AC Milan Keisuke Honda, who was playing for Bhutan team Paro FC, called it the worst footballing pitch he had ever seen. Bangladesh had a higher level of quality throughout its squad, and this shone through as they dominated the opening ten minutes with accurate passes through the midfield. Nepal was playing a defensive, counter attacking strategy, with nine outfield players behind the ball and ‘Samba’ Bhandari playing as a lone forward. Nepal’s plan for the game was to be solid at the back and then hoof it forward to Samba, and hope that she could come up with a moment of magic.&nbsp; She almost did in the 10th minute, rattling a shot against the crossbar. Her play was excellent throughout: she held up the ball, hardly lost it, and sprayed accurate passes to her teammates. Unfortunately due to the style Nepal was playing, she often seemed to not get enough support and lacked options to continue play.&nbsp;  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241031141012_4e654f608e218746a54dfd5679da3bf0bfe02439cc21d5045508f5f09481889e.jpg" data-media-id="editor_3" data-image-id="20241031141012_4e654f608e218746a54dfd5679da3bf0bfe02439cc21d5045508f5f09481889e" data-rendition-name="original" width="2048" height="1362" loading="lazy" alt="SAFF Women's Championship 2024 NT"> </figure>  Nepal grew into the game as the first half carried on and 19-year old midfielder Preeti Rai stood out in midfield. Rai seemed to understand exactly what to do in order to not lose the ball, through finding the correct pass or through taking an intelligent touch to get away momentarily from a Bangla defender trying to win the ball back. Although both teams had a number of chances, neither had scored when they went in for halftime. Nepal was holding its own against a difficult opponent, who had trounced Bhutan 7-1 in the championship’s other semi-final. &nbsp; While Samba provided a threatening presence up top and Rai calmed things down in midfield, Nepal’s defense was looking worrying. The backs &nbsp;seemed nervous and were often unable to properly deal with Bangladeshi attacks. &nbsp;&nbsp; Sure enough, seven minutes into the second half defensive confusion caused the football to pinball around the Nepali penalty area before falling to Bangladesh midfielder Monika Chakma who calmly scored against Nepali keeper and captain Anjila Tumbapo Subba.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241031141012_284b757e7f6be854fd8a01175347ec744bc97e5a1cc432092bcce3dca0e3e5e5.jpg" data-media-id="editor_4" data-image-id="20241031141012_284b757e7f6be854fd8a01175347ec744bc97e5a1cc432092bcce3dca0e3e5e5" data-rendition-name="original" width="1743" height="1161" loading="lazy" alt="SAFF Women's Championship 2024 NT"> </figure>   <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/2024103114108_e6218ab04f9be5f9b14b096dca90f2cc8632e87e4441c5df10a4830c1e19e2d5.jpg" data-media-id="editor_5" data-image-id="2024103114108_e6218ab04f9be5f9b14b096dca90f2cc8632e87e4441c5df10a4830c1e19e2d5" data-rendition-name="original" width="2000" height="1333" loading="lazy" alt="SAFF Women's Championship 2024 NT"> </figure>  &nbsp;Subba may have had a better chance if she had dived at Chakma’s feet, but she slid in like a defender towards the ball and Nepal found itself &nbsp;one goal behind. &nbsp; But just four minutes later, Preeti Rai threaded a through ball through three Bangla defenders. Forward Amisha Karki ran onto the pass and had plenty of time to ready herself before finishing past the goalkeeper.&nbsp; Just like after the restart in the semifinal against India, Nepal acted quickly to get themselves back in the game. The stadium had only been in panic mode for a short while and was now back loud and supporting the Nepali team. &nbsp; Video panned to an employee of the seemingly ubiquitous and monopolistic Garud Security, enjoying the action, wearing a high visibility neon vest with ‘Karate Black Belt’ emblazoned on the back. Besides the approximately 20,000 strong Rangasala audience, there were a record one million concurrent viewers to the livestream of the match on YouTube.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241031141012_e78ec325925a2e6dd9e6ab3a21df85e04ddf2b245d8ff26e7818b338bd13408b.jpg" data-media-id="editor_6" data-image-id="20241031141012_e78ec325925a2e6dd9e6ab3a21df85e04ddf2b245d8ff26e7818b338bd13408b" data-rendition-name="original" width="2048" height="1367" loading="lazy" alt="SAFF Women's Championship 2024 NT"> </figure>  The game grew more open as both teams looked for a winner. There were chances for both: Bangladesh midfielder shot well from distance in the 67th minute, but keeper Subba was able to catch the ball. Then in the 72st minute Samba ran onto a lofted through pass and was almost through on goal. She opened her body up and shot for the far corner of the Bangla goal, but the angle was against her and the ball rolled across. In the 81st minute, following several scary scrambles in the Nepali defense, Ritu Chakma found herself on the ball on the left flank for Bangladesh. Chakma unleashed a wicked cross into the Nepali box with her left foot. It swerved and dipped, wrong-footing Subba, who was still able to get a hand to the ball but was unable to keep it from entering the net. The crowd was stunned. Nepal had not gotten a clear cut chance after equalizing, and now had only three minutes to find another goal to send the final to penalties.&nbsp;  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241031141012_1191ccfd7072a0e8b056a9e7bbeae1c6b2731792662e065fb573e8d92f22da88.jpg" data-media-id="editor_7" data-image-id="20241031141012_1191ccfd7072a0e8b056a9e7bbeae1c6b2731792662e065fb573e8d92f22da88" data-rendition-name="original" width="2048" height="1416" loading="lazy" alt="SAFF Women's Championship 2024 NT"> </figure>   <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241031141020_23edb5db34d1d4388b2768be7ab3cf1b6e25d5204e00cc7500d0ee16e79358a8.jpg" data-media-id="editor_8" data-image-id="20241031141020_23edb5db34d1d4388b2768be7ab3cf1b6e25d5204e00cc7500d0ee16e79358a8" data-rendition-name="original" width="1728" height="1152" loading="lazy" alt="SAFF Women's Championship 2024 NT"> </figure>  &nbsp;Despite their efforts and several substitutions, Nepal could not find a way back again. The Bangladesh team were overjoyed at the final whistle, and took laps around the field and celebrated near a group of Bangla supporters. An exhausted, disappointed Nepali team fell to the ground, having lost another final. The Nepali players should be proud of the performance they put in throughout the tournament and especially in the semis and the final. They pushed a much better Bangla team right to the limit. What was most evident was the gulf in quality between Samba and Preeti Rai and everyone else in the Nepali team: while Samba and Rai almost always displayed correct play, the rest of the squad made mistakes at crucial times. The home crowd showed out to support Nepal’s female athletes, taking matters into their own hands to protest inept, helpless officiating. They didn’t repeat this behavior when we were beaten fair and square in the final, which would have diminished the protests in the game against India. An excellent drone shot at the end of the match showed the floodlit Rangasala and a gridlocked Tripuresqor roundabout as Nepalis streamed out of the stadium: disappointed, but not dejected.

Vishad Raj Onta

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Nepal defeated but not dejected

Sloppy refereeing could not stop a 10-woman Nepal football team from snatching victory from the jaws of defeat against India in Kathmandu on Sunday night — a match that will go down in history as the craziest Nepal’s national stadium has ever seen. Nepal will now play Bangladesh on Wednesday in the finals of the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF) women’s championship at Dasarath Rangasala in Kathmandu. The Sunday match had a lot of lessons: about repeated refereeing inconsistencies, overdone or premature celebrations after goals, wildly partisan home supporters, and a warning for crowd control if things go out of control in future.&nbsp; The stars of the match were striker Sabitra ‘Samba’ Bhandari and substitute goal-keeper Anjana Rana Magar, but there was no doubt who got an F grade: referee Om Choki from Bhutan.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/2024102814104_72bf1217e4f5e8509ee2e3ecf5acdcd48d4217285600aaf52455d8f0e1edc59e.jpg" data-media-id="editor_0" data-image-id="2024102814104_72bf1217e4f5e8509ee2e3ecf5acdcd48d4217285600aaf52455d8f0e1edc59e" data-rendition-name="original" width="1070" height="1500" loading="lazy" alt="Nepal India women's football SAFF"> </figure>  Choki had already angered the crowd by failing to award a penalty to Nepal despite an Indian defender deflecting a goal shot with her hand. Then she showed a second yellow card to Nepali forward Rekha Paudel in the 51st minute as she competed for a loose ball near the Indian penalty area.&nbsp; Paudel jumped and just poked the ball away with the toe of her boot. Ranjana Chanu hit Paudel’s foot following through as she tried to clear the ball. Paudel fell to the ground, and the lineswoman flagged frantically, indicating bizarrely that Paudel had been at fault.&nbsp; Choki arrived on the scene and brandished a second yellow card at Paudel, sending her off. Paudel sprang up and put a hand on Choki, enraged at this terrible mistake. Nepal then had to play the remaining forty minutes with one less player. Choki could only point at her lineswoman, who in the heat of the game had made a nasty error. Sabitra ‘Samba’ Bhandari approached the lineswoman with her arms out questioningly, but the official gestured that this wasn’t open for discussion.&nbsp; The only other interpretation of the yellow card is that the lineswoman thought Rekha Paudel dived, trying to buy a foul. But Paudel was off balance and Chanu had kicked her foot: there wasn’t much she could do to keep from falling. The game had not seen a goal so far, and tensions were running high. The stadium was packed to the rafters, and the crowd became a frothing, hostile cauldron and stalled the semi-final match in the second half for more than an hour, protesting a series of inexplicable refereeing decisions by Choki.&nbsp; The fans threw plastic bottles from the stands to players and officials on the pitch. Chants of “Nepal! Nepal!” reverberated around the stadium, to the accompaniment of drums and air horns. The crowd calmed down a little after ten minutes. The first half had been fairly equal, and Nepal had started the second half slightly better than India. But now, with the advantage of an extra person, India started taking over the game amidst a jeering crowd.&nbsp; They broke through in the sixty-second minute. From the left wing Chanu sent in a cross that the Nepali defense cleared, straight to the Indian number 8, midfielder Sangita Basfore. About 30 yards from the goal, Basfore took a touch to ready herself before unleashing a perfect shot that curved and dipped straight into the top right corner. It was an excellent goal. The crowd was stunned: this was not part of the script.&nbsp; The overjoyed Indian team frolicked on the touchlines joyously: they had just scored a go-ahead semi-final goal. But there was still half an hour left to play and the celebrations seemed to go on for a touch too long. The Nepali players were already in position to restart and waiting for the Indians to get ready to resume play.&nbsp;  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/2024102814104_df6ddfc0812009a6a927e97d7f76870ce537fda18ba1089d3b0b0c1d0e383806.jpg" data-media-id="editor_1" data-image-id="2024102814104_df6ddfc0812009a6a927e97d7f76870ce537fda18ba1089d3b0b0c1d0e383806" data-rendition-name="original" width="1500" height="1000" loading="lazy" alt="Nepal India women's football SAFF"> </figure>  Referee Choki seemed to blow her whistle to restart. With the Indians still dancing balle-balle, Samba played a simple ball to 19-year old midfielder Preeti Kulung Rai who had been excellent throughout the game, and in this instance she took a touch and shot low from far out, scoring and sending the crowd into pandemonium.&nbsp; Choki had seemed to follow the play after the restart, it all seemed legal: Nepal were instantly back level. The crowd was overjoyed and were ready to go get the winner. But, wait! The refereeing team decided to rule out the goal.&nbsp; This is unprecedented in football: a referee cannot restart a match, run with the action, and then disallow the goal when it does go in. Perhaps Choki was trying to get the Indians back playing, but she should have either waited for India to get back in position before restarting, or she should have let the goal stand.&nbsp; Compounded with the earlier mistakes, Nepali players, officials, and the entire stadium went ballistic. This was corruption, robbery even, of the highest order, and there was no way the game could be allowed to go on like this.&nbsp; More bottles rained down on the pitch. The crowd, already angry, was now outraged. “Referee Out. Referee Out,” rent the air.&nbsp; The officials seemed spooked by the reaction of the 20,000 strong crowd calling for their heads. Riot police and even bench players begged the crowd to calm down, but to no avail as the Nepali red shirts stayed out of the field in protest and argued intensely with match officials. The Indian team was still on the pitch, warming up.&nbsp; Almost certainly this was just a series of bad calls by a nervous ref who had never worked in such a charged atmosphere before. Some officials also tend to purposely not give decisions for the home team, lest they be accused of reffing to appease the crowd - but if that was the case, this was too much of an overcorrection.&nbsp; After the break in play had gone on for an hour, the crowd grew jaded and restless. The feeling in the stadium was that a decision needed to be made: to either stop the game altogether or to get on with it. The game restarted after Nepal’s one-hour tantrum, with the score still one-nil to India.&nbsp; And that is when things got even more exciting. Choki probably realised by now that her life was now on the line if she made another flub up.&nbsp; Bhandari had been especially animated during the stoppage, and she was egged on by chants of “Samba! Samba!” From the stands. Suddenly Preeti Rai split the Indian defense with a brilliant through ball. Samba ran onto the pass and got there just before a defender, and the rushing goalkeeper.&nbsp;  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/2024102814108_184f57bfad928b4d728930347ca08590c6955f9cd6098aee046e4a48f8a419ae.jpg" data-media-id="editor_2" data-image-id="2024102814108_184f57bfad928b4d728930347ca08590c6955f9cd6098aee046e4a48f8a419ae" data-rendition-name="original" width="1084" height="1500" loading="lazy" alt="Nepal India women's football SAFF"> </figure>  Samba finished deftly, and Gooooooooaaaaaal! She took off her shirt to celebrate. The crowd was vindicated: perhaps Pashupatinath was hurling blessings from across town.&nbsp; Despite the extra player advantage, the Indian team seemed to be shaken up by the frenzied crowd. Both sides traded chances as time ran out. The game would be decided on, penalties. Both teams swapped keepers.&nbsp; India got the first kick, which bodes well in a shootout - but only if the first kick scores. Unfortunately for India, Nepali keeper Anjana Rana Magar dived the right way at Ashalata Devi’s shot, pushing it against the post and out.&nbsp; Samba was first for Nepal, and she made no mistake with an excellent strike right into the bottom right corner of the goal. Advantage Nepal: as long as they didn’t miss, India would be playing catch up. The next two kickers for both teams all scored. Now 3-2 to Nepal. Magar saved the next kick, from Chanu. Nepal forward, number 19 Amisha Karki, stepped up and fired into the bottom right corner. 4-2! The stadium erupted. Not only had Nepal overcome India, but also the crooked circumstances.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/2024102814104_f9aaee3c558c6e1fe1bdba926db582b7d4cab2e8034d2bac2532bed82bd8b75b.jpg" data-media-id="editor_3" data-image-id="2024102814104_f9aaee3c558c6e1fe1bdba926db582b7d4cab2e8034d2bac2532bed82bd8b75b" data-rendition-name="original" width="4032" height="3024" loading="lazy" alt="Nepal India women's football SAFF"> <figcaption>Photo: VISHAD RAJ ONTA</figcaption> </figure>  As the players drank in the victory with the placated home crowd, perhaps most relieved were the referees and the security officials. Sabitra Bhandari showed her exceptional ability. Besides the goal and the penalty, Samba had a series of brilliant plays, like a late chip from the top left corner of the pitch that almost went in to win the game.&nbsp; Among those filing out of the stadium was a tourist in a Nepal jersey delirious with joy. As good as the game had been in a pure footballing sense, the reaction from the crowd had been exemplary, giving no respect to the officials where it was not deserved, and letting them know loud and clear that they messed up.&nbsp; The bottle-throwing was accurate, too, and while it may be easy to dismiss it as objectionable, one thing you could not call it was apathetic. Nepalis showed up to support the Ladies and demonstrated just how important crowd support can be.&nbsp; There were murmurs among the crowd wishing the Nepal men’s team showed half the fight the women’s squad had just exhibited. All eyes now are on the finals on Wednesday against Bangladesh. Stay tuned.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/2024102814108_805acf87bc72d3214e9f15bd5c3476f12d10ed2e6f3d119878df578de4255f16.jpg" data-media-id="editor_4" data-image-id="2024102814108_805acf87bc72d3214e9f15bd5c3476f12d10ed2e6f3d119878df578de4255f16" data-rendition-name="original" width="1500" height="984" loading="lazy" alt="Nepal India women's football SAFF"> </figure>

Ruckus at the Rangasala

In 2016, the Generation Amazing Foundation, which aims to improve the lives of a million people from disadvantaged communities globally through access to sport, built a new football pitch in Pokhara. In coordination with the local Adarsha Youth Club (AYC) young enthusiasts got to play football for the first time in their lives, attend training sessions and compete in mini-tournaments. They also got sports equipment including balls, gloves, and jerseys, and conducted training sessions.&nbsp; The facility included a small futsal area, separate changing rooms for boys and girls, and a stand for spectators. Similar pitches were built in Makwanpur and Kailali as well. Read also: <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/multimedia/food-vs-football">Food vs football</a>, Swapnil KC  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20230623130628_78c22eb438612d072c3d08b96e56e4df7d4f14930021a5ed666318be9d0fc847.jpg" data-media-id="editor_1" data-image-id="20230623130628_78c22eb438612d072c3d08b96e56e4df7d4f14930021a5ed666318be9d0fc847" data-rendition-name="original" width="480" height="640" loading="lazy" alt="Scoring a better future for Nepal's soccer girls NT"> <figcaption>A player from Kaski's Siddhivinayak Boarding School receives a football trophy.</figcaption> </figure>  The Generation Amazing (GA) project by 2022 World Cup hosts Qatar provides young Nepali girls access to football was halted due to cost issues is being re-launched in Kaski.&nbsp; "Our club has been in touch with schoolgirls who were trained under the GA football pitch program,” says Padam Gurung of the AYC. “They are now interested in getting more training. I want to make sure that we will continue the girls’football training in the coming days.” Even while young Nepali women and girls have traditionally faced barriers to taking part in sports, female athletes, in particular female footballers, have made notable achievements on the national and regional stages.&nbsp; Read also:<a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/news/football-for-a-better-world"> Football for a better world</a>  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20230623130636_9c59dd20d6c397c6b1e7e1a654f28a927db64e5cb28c03785a23260d07629538.jpg" data-media-id="editor_3" data-image-id="20230623130636_9c59dd20d6c397c6b1e7e1a654f28a927db64e5cb28c03785a23260d07629538" data-rendition-name="original" width="640" height="427" loading="lazy" alt="Scoring a better future for Nepal's soccer girls NT"> <figcaption>Training session at the footbal pitch built by Generation Amazing in Pokhara.</figcaption> </figure>  The Nepal Women’s football team made it to the finals of SAFF in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2019 and 2022. It also made it to the finals of the South Asian Games, and the team has moved up 22 places in the FIFA ranking since 2010. Kathmandu’s Dasarath Stadium was filled to capacity during the 2022 SAFF Women's Championship final between Nepal and Bangladesh. As it stands, the local community has welcomed the opportunity for girls in the area to be able to play football in Pokhara once again. One of them is Ajit Ojha, a former youth ambassador and computer teacher, who got involved with the AYC and Generation Amazing during a Disaster Risk Reduction training following the 2015 Nepal earthquake. Ojha was part of the project for two years from 2018-2019 and also introduced a program for the local deaf school so the pupils would be able to play football as well. In 2019, he went to Qatar as part of a delegation of Nepali ambassadors to attend the Generation Amazing festival. His sister Smriti also took part in the training.&nbsp; “Football training must have female players, and my sister took part. The girls from the city started playing football for the first time,” says Ojha. “I want to see the ground full of children, with girls from the communities." Read also: <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/migrating-to-play-football">Migrating to play football</a>  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20230623130636_1b190654e06faecc3efeb2ca6efdef03bc45c27686ed1d19895986ae0abf0ad5.jpg" data-media-id="editor_5" data-image-id="20230623130636_1b190654e06faecc3efeb2ca6efdef03bc45c27686ed1d19895986ae0abf0ad5" data-rendition-name="original" width="640" height="360" loading="lazy" alt="Scoring a better future for Nepal's soccer girls NT"> <figcaption>Ajit Ojha with Generation Amazing players.</figcaption> </figure>  Ojha is particularly proud of how the training programmes and the competitions that gave locals a chance to be involved in football have brought discipline to his friends’ lives and changed them for the better.&nbsp; “At the time my friends were badly affected by smoking and alcoholism, but those small tournaments made them trust sport. The training kept them away from the alcohol and the cigarettes,” he explains. “They attended regular training sessions, played lots of tournaments and even won some.” Ojha is delighted by the club’s decision to let girls back in to use the facilities at Bhandardhik. He says, "I can truly say whenever I see a jersey with GA’s name printed on it, I can feel the change it has brought. It has been emotional for the youth in my community.” Read also: <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/female-foeticide-to-football">Female foeticide to football</a>, Srijana Singh Thakuri Anthony Harwood is a former foreign editor of the Daily Mail.

Scoring a better future for Nepal's soccer girls

<div class="embed-block"><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20230228150240/63fe12a79c7e80680e0da534jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="1384" height="776">Photo: ANFA</div> Although cricket is the rage right now, football is by far the most sought-after game in Nepal. However, the national team has never made it anywhere close to the World Cup. Yet, when Argentina won the tournament this winter, Nepalis celebrated as if their own team had won. English Premier League, LaLiga and Serie A all have a mass following in the country of 30 million. The latest season of Nepal’s homegrown Martyr’s Memorial (Sahid Smarak) A Division football league is just a week away but there is not much excitement, neither among players nor fans. The Covid-19 pandemic has played a part in dampening the enthusiasm but the inconsistency of the league is a bigger factor. Nepal’s professional footballers are so undermotivated to play that they are not just quitting the game, but the country as well. The league was to start on 10 January earlier this year but after a meeting with 14 competing clubs, the All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) postponed it to 3 March. Football clubs complain that the ANFA is not providing preparation expenses, thus delaying the league. The annual Martyr’s Memorial ‘A’ division football league began in 1954, but since 1987, the tournament has been held only 16 times. There are many reasons: the Maoist insurgency, financial hardship, unstable governments, strikes, lack of infrastructure, the Covid-19 pandemic and the earthquake. And when the league does happen, the matches are tightly scheduled, allowing players limited time to rest and recover before the next game. The league lasts only a couple of months and players are only paid for those months. “We players have to look for local games to keep us afloat,” says Askoh Khawas, a footballer from Biratnagar who plays for Three Star Club. “This is the only thing that keeps us going physically and financially.” <div class="embed-block"><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20230228150240/63fe12ab9c7e80680e0da535jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="1500" height="1000"> </div> The 2023 league is returning, but some 45 players who used to play for the ‘A’ division will not because they have either quit football or Nepal. Just last month, five players from major clubs left for Australia: Tej Tamang, Dinesh Rajbanshi, Gautam Shrestha, Nitin Thapa and Ranjan Bista. Only a handful of Nepali players have got an opportunity to play football outside Nepal, the rest have migrated, possibly for good. A Nepali footballer’s lifestyle is not lavish, players do not get the opportunity to train, the games are not played all year round, and training isn’t all year round either. Players do not get offered millions of dollars and are signed into clubs which do not have money even to sustain themselves. Ironically, the Nepali players who have left have been replaced by foreign players some of whom are making good money. “Players from Nepal are going abroad and foreign players are coming to Nepal to play football, it is happening more and more and that is sad,” says national team player Bikram Lama. <div class="embed-block"><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20230228150240/63fe12ae9c7e80680e0da536jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="1118" height="688"> </div> Until recently, players and clubs from Kathmandu Valley used to dominate even the limited number of footballing tournaments in the country because talent outside the urban centres did not have the platform or exposure. But this is now changing: most of the players are now from outside Kathmandu. “The primary reason for this shift is that youth in major cities like Kathmandu and Lalitpur now have various other sources for entertainment and do not look forward to playing outside as much,” says Megh Raj KC who coaches Nepal’s Under-20 team. “Children in cities these days also do not have open space to take up football or other team games. But that is not the case in the rest of the country.” But lack of infrastructure continues to be a problem. The passion for football has not allowed for stable income: in the past three years, Nepali footballers have had the opportunity to play for only 10 months, which means they got paid only for that time. Nepal does not lack talent but players are not given optimum opportunity. Newcomers and foreigners might take on spots left by players in domestic leagues, but that does not fill the gap in the national team. Says Megh Raj KC: “At this rate, we will continue to be a footballing country to have never made it anywhere internationally.”

Food vs football

<figure><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20230112100132/63bfd4199c7e80680e0d308bjpeg.jpg" alt="" width="2024" height="1349"/><figcaption>Photo: RSS</figcaption></figure>When I was first offered the opportunity to play in a Nepali club, I had no idea where Nepal was.The deal that I was offered was lucrative. I had to play for two weeks to demonstrate my footballing skills, and if the club liked my performance, I could stay on with a work permit, and would be paid €5,000 a month.After reading up on the country online and seeing the beautiful pictures of mountains, I was convinced that it was a good offer.It was only after I arrived at Kathmandu airport in late 2015 that I realised I was duped by Nepali and African ‘managers’. There was no one to pick me up at the airport, an early indication that I would deeply regret what I had signed up for.I had to figure my way around, which was difficult especially because I did not even speak English back then. Relying on a kind taxi driver, I somehow managed to make it to a hotel.It was only on my third day here, after many follow up calls that the ‘manager' showed up in person. The first thing he asked me was to pay him €1,000 in cash. This was absurd — why was I paying money to play when they should be the ones paying me?I knew football is a lucrative business in which agents exaggerate and even lie about the attractiveness of the deals to draw young players who want to desperately make it big in football.But I would soon learn from players from other African countries I met in Nepal that it is very common to pay agents exorbitant cuts, something I was unwilling to do. I also soon learnt that no one earns €5,000 a month here, not even the best national players.Since the 2015 earthquake, there had apparently not been any league tournaments in Nepal. However, even though I refused to pay the agent, I managed to get some opportunities to play in tournaments with different teams here and there, mostly outside the capital.The pay was only about Rs10,000 a match and once people watch you score well, you get more calls to play for various teams in other tournaments. Sometimes, you can demand more pay when the managers are especially insistent.Often I have to take public buses, journeying for hours outside the capital, and am expected to play the same day. Sometimes hotels are so low grade that I am unable to get a good night’s sleep, affecting my performance on the field.In these past few years, I have gone home several times and also played or coached in clubs in various European, Asian and Gulf countries. Even though my experience in Nepal to play football has been disappointing, I have found myself returning to the country frequently.<img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20230112100132/63bfd41e9c7e80680e0d308cjpeg.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="845">I keep coming back not for what I had originally dreamed of (playing football professionally in a club) but for the love of the friends I have made here and how Nepal has become a second home.Of course, there are times when I am subject to racism when football spectators have chanted “हप्सी”, or insulted by strangers when I am just walking in the streets. But overall, the Nepali people are very welcoming because of exposure via social media or their own migration experience when they have worked closely with Africans like myself.I often get calls or social media messages from rural parts of Nepal where fans want me to come play in their areas again.My experience in the Gulf was quite different. I was paid well and also had a sense of community as many players in my club were from African countries. There are large African communities, including from my own country, so it was easy to mingle socially.<img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20230112100132/63bfd4219c7e80680e0d308djpeg.jpg" alt="" width="2983" height="1056">It is very hot in the Gulf, so we only played in the evenings after 6PM, but I made close to $3,000 a month without having to spend on food and accommodation. After I cross my football playing age, I am likely to try to go to one of the Gulf countries for a longer period, which is an increasing trend among many football players.As someone who eats, breathes and sleeps football, this World Cup is of course a reminder of my own dreams, aspirations and journey as a footballer. Ever since I was a boy, I have dreamt of playing football professionally. I could not think of anything else I would rather do. My ultimate, now broken, dream was to join the Juventus Football Club.I supported Saudi Arabia strongly in the World Cup because I am a big fan of their coach Herve Renard, who is a hero to many football players from African countries. He has been an epitome of good leadership and has contributed immensely to help African football teams in the past.It was his leadership that helped countries like Zambia and Ivory Coast win the Africa Cup of Nations. For us African players who are aware of Renard’s magic, Saudi Arabia’s upset win over Argentina was not so surprising.With the Saudis out, I rooted for Morocco but they lost the chance to make history in this World Cup as the first African country to be in the finals.The author is an African football player who has lived and played off and on in Nepal, but wishes to remain anonymous.

Migrating to play football

<figure><img width="1024" height="768" src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20230112100128/63bfd3789c7e80680e0d3060jpeg.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption>Nick Golüke, Robert Grantner and Thomas Hitzlsperger in Kathmandu, Nepal. Photos: THOMAS HITZLSPERGER </figcaption></figure>Former German football star Thomas Hitzlsperger played in the 2006 World Cup and knows the significance of the World Cup to football players as well as the pressure they face to use the platform to speak out on social issues. Hitzlsperger recently visited Qatar and Nepal to film his documentary  Katar, warum nur? (Qatar, why?) in which he digs into why the World Cup is taking place in Qatar this year. A lot of money was spent to put Qatar in a positive light, but the deaths and abuse of workers have also tarnished its image. The documentary was aired in Germany in November and has been viewed around the world.Hitzlsperger spoke to Nepali Times this week about his film. Read also: <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/qatar-refuses-payoffs-to-world-cup-stadium-workers/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Qatar refuses payoffs to World Cup</a> <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/qatar-refuses-payoffs-to-world-cup-stadium-workers/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">workers</a>Nepali Times: How did the documentary come about?Thomas Hitzlsperger: I wanted to show why people from countries like Nepal have to go to work in Qatar even though some of the work is quite dangerous and has even led to many deaths. The German audience did not know what it is like to be a migrant worker both in Qatar and in Nepal. There is a huge difference in standards of living. People have very little money and no jobs. But whoever we spoke to in Nepal was incredibly friendly and kind to us. It is hard to see and acknowledge the reality that there is very little future hope for many people. I met people like Saraswoti, the wife of a migrant worker who had died in Qatar, who shared her story and everything that had happened to her family. We also interviewed Mukesh Chaudhari who was a wage theft victim who had not been paid in full despite working in Qatar’s extreme heat. Many viewers from Germany offered to help, so we have arranged for them to help families like Saraswoti to receive some financial support including for the education of her two boys.  Besides migrant rights issues, we have also covered LGBT and women's rights. Due to the World Cup, the situation for some has improved, however, being LGBT is still regarded as sodomy in Qatar and could send you to jail. Women often work in private households and depend on their employers. Read also: <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/human-rights-referees-blow-whistle-on-world-cup-fouls/">Rights referees blow whistle on World Cup fouls</a>, Kunda Dixit <figure><img width="2983" height="1056" src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20230112100128/63bfd37c9c7e80680e0d3061jpeg.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>The DFB (German Football Federation) has been active in human rights issues. Why is this?Indeed. In the leadup to the World Cup, the DFB spent time to learn about Qatar, about human rights issues there. It showed solidarity by wearing t-shirts that read Human Rights, and wanted to wear one-love armbands during the tournament. But FIFA said at the very last moment that it was not allowed. This became very political. Players instead covered their mouths during the game as an act of protest against being silenced. But when Germany lost the game, they got criticised for it. It is very obvious that when you lose a game, people will use that as an excuse to say they focused too much on politics and thus lost. This is what football is like. There is no simple answer on when and how to use the platform of big events to raise issues like human rights.The German football players are also donating 1 million euros to a Nepali charity over the next five years which is very positive. None of the players I know of have been to Nepal so it was important for me to see Nepal through my own eyes and better understand what it is like here.Read also:<a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/opinion/labour-rights-legacy-of-the-fifa-world-cup/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Labour rights legacy of the FIFA World Cup</a>, Meenakshi Ganguly and Mohna AnsariIndeed, how do you see a player balancing the pressure to perform in the field versus using the platform on human rights issues. During my time as a player, activism wasn’t as obvious and widespread as it is now. Now, players are more familiar with global issues and are being increasingly asked to take action and want to use their platform. FIFA, however, was very strict during the World Cup and did not allow the players and football associations  to raise their voices and wanted to stop players from doing anything, even to wear armbands against racism and homophobia. I see this as the core of the problem. FIFA was bent on using the World Cup for its own benefit, and pleasing the hosting nation. What happened this World Cup was far from ideal. I don’t have a solution to this problem.  But FAs need to stick together and find a solution together for future tournaments so they can put football at the centre stage, but at the same time use their voices. Lets finish this tournament and then sit down and have a conversation. The last five-six weeks have seen different organisations and people committing many mistakes. How can we play football when football should be played and also speak up on other issues to use the power of football for good causes? It must not be left to FIFA alone.But some have described the activism as Western hypocrisy, and that all governments have committed abuses in their history.Of course, they will say we should not tell them how to run their country. I understand that. I accept it. It is not an easy conversation, but the football community must not pretend that this World Cup is the best event ever and look away from the real issues. A part of the documentary was also filmed in Qatar. I got to meet an incredibly friendly Qatari lady who showed me bits of Doha. When I tried to confront her with some issues faced by migrant workers in her country, it became evident to me that there is a discrepancy in how Qataris view migrant worker issues versus how it is viewed in the western world. This confrontation can be tricky and isn't an easy matter to come to an agreement with. But there is no question that people who have worked in the Gulf have lost lives due to unbearable working conditions and this needs to stop. They have the resources and the responsibility to take better care of the migrant workers who work there. <img width="768" height="1024" src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20230112100128/63bfd3809c7e80680e0d3062jpeg.jpg" alt="">What drives you to engage in social issues outside of your passion for football?It is not always easy having a platform because I receive criticism from those who think football should not be mixed with politics. I use the platform because things are not headed in the right direction, and make sure I can make a little contribution like supporting people in Nepal. Some may not like what I do but its part of being in the public eye. Sometimes I need a thick skin. But I think its worth it and there are many people who do support good causes. It is amazing to receive emails from strangers who offer support and give money to the charity we just started.I have seen people being discriminated against. I am in a privileged position so I do want to give something back. I cannot help everybody, of course, but I try to do what I can even if it is small. Sometimes I do receive nice emails, which is enough to give me the power to continue and overcome the criticism I receive. Your impressions of Nepal?I am so happy I got to spend a few days in Nepal, which gave me a better understanding of what it is like here. I did not get to meet officials from the government, but I urge the Nepal government to invest in the education system. Only then can people really help themselves and dream of a better future. Read more: <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/cup-of-the-world/">Cup of the world</a>, Nepali Times

Football for a better world

<figure><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221110141156/636d03729c7e80680e0a36d4jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="2048" height="1536"/><figcaption>Srijana Singh Thakuri in 2008 as a student in Surkhet. Photo: KOPILA VALLEY</figcaption></figure>My Dad wanted a son.I was the first daughter and after me came three younger sisters. My mother became pregnant three more times after that, all of them would have been girls.They were all terminated at illegal clinics where parents can learn the gender of their baby and opt for abortion if it is a girl. I know now that the practice is called <a href="https://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=19627" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">female foeticide</a> and common particularly in South Asia.My parents kept trying for a son, hoping a son would eventually come along. I was already old enough to notice the sadness and worry in my mother's eyes every time she found out that she was carrying another girl.My mother was blamed for being cursed and broken. Why was I not enough? Why were we daughters not enough?Eventually, our Dad abandoned us. One night, without a word, he disappeared, leaving us behind with a broken home, broken hearts, and a mob of debt collectors at our door at all hours of the day.My mother's health deteriorated. I hardly saw her smile. I began to work as a cook at a bus station to try and ease her pain. We sold bananas, fruits, and tried our best to get by. I promised my mother through her tears that I would be just as good as a son that she and my father so desperately wanted.I do not blame my Dad. Actually, I feel sorry for him. A <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/opinion/coping-with-the-patriarchy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">victim of patriarchy</a>, he never knew any different. Society had convinced him that girls are never worth the investment, that all they do is get married and go off to someone else's house, that families need sons to carry on the name and inherit ancestral property.But the irony is that we had no land for anyone to inherit. We had nothing. While trying for a son our family had plummeted deeper into poverty, debt, and depression.<figure><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221110141156/636d03759c7e80680e0a36d5jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="1500" height="1000"><figcaption> </figcaption></figure>Eventually, things began to look up. I took an entrance exam for <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/starting-nepals-green-school-movement/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Kopila Valley School in Surkhet</a>. The teachers came to know of my story, and by a stroke of luck I got one of the very few spots available to my age group. In the interview I explained that with a chance at education, I could help my mother care for my three little sisters, and help educated them too.I tried to channel my sadness and my anger into determination. I wanted to be the best at everything. Because of my Dad, I felt like I had something to prove. I became class captain. I joined the girl's empowerment club. I took traditional dance lessons.I wrote poetry and participated in debate competitions. I checked out books from the library. I studied late into night and completed all my assignments to catch up with my classmates. I grabbed every opportunity that came my way.One day there was an announcement that Kopila Valley School was starting the first-ever football team for girls. I showed up at that first practice on a dirt field without sneakers, sweat dripping down my forehead, ready to try something new. I had never seen a field before, watched a match, or even worn shorts.In my village every square inch of land was used to grow food, and sports were for boys on fallow terraces between growing seasons. I never knew that football was for me.I showed up every day to practice with coach Gopi. He treated me as he would boys. He yelled at me but also encouraged me. I still remember my first match and how it felt like putting on a uniform, chasing the ball down the field.Over time I started to get good at football and our team began winning matches. I scored goals and was particularly strong at defence, head balls, and corner kicks. But I also kept up with my studies, and started to get noticed as a student and an athlete.I made it into bigger teams and got recruited for tournaments. Rumours also followed. Neighbours gossiped about me, saying I came home too late or left too early. I was called selfish and that I had my head in the clouds. It got worse <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/editorial/that-time-of-the-month/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">when I got my periods</a>, people telling me where I could go and where I could not, what I could do and what I could not.<figure><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221110141156/636d03799c7e80680e0a36d6jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="2016" height="1512"><figcaption> </figcaption></figure>I was going against how girls in my village were expected to behave: stay quiet, keep your head down, try not to get noticed, and when it is time, <a style="font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.01em;" href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/child-marriage-in-nepal-eloped-at-13-mother-by-17/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">be marriageable.</a>I shook off the criticism and kept my eyes on my dream. I continued my education and graduated top of my class. I was eligible for scholarships, and enrolled in a college in Kathmandu. I kept playing football and showing up at tournaments, training all day and night.My story is not unique. It is just what happens when girls and women are given a chance, opportunity, and investment.I just turned 20, and last week I made the final roster for Nepal's national women’s football team. I signed a contract and my name was announced in the newspapers. I am now officially a professional football player representing my country.I have never felt so proud to be a <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/editorial/everyday-as-if-it-is-womens-day/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">daughter of Nepal</a> even though there were times when I did not feel like my country was proud of me.I love putting on the red national jersey and walking into the stadium. I can still feel the thrill of kicking a ball, and a goal hitting the back of the net.I love football because it makes me feel free and strong and powerful. My next big dream is for the Nepal women’s team to play in the World Cup or qualify for the Olympics.<figure><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221110141156/636d037d9c7e80680e0a36d7jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="960" height="640"><figcaption> </figcaption></figure>After many years, my Dad came back to us. I would love to say that he had a big awakening and realised his mistakes, but that was not the case. Instead, he tried again for a son, and finally my little brother was born.I love my baby brother and hope he will get to grow up watching me play, so that he will have a different vision of <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/women-of-substance/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">what girls are capable of</a>.My Dad got what he always wanted and I achieved my dreams. I had called him when I made the team, and I know he was proud of me.I also realised recently that I do not have anything to prove to him anymore. My dreams are for other girls like me whose fathers only want sons. My dreams are for my sisters and my mother. But most of all, my dreams are for me.

Female foeticide to football

<figure><img width="4696" height="3233" src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/2022111012110/636cda2a9c7e80680e092ee2jpeg.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption>Nepal's football team celebrating a goal against Bangladesh on Monday. Photo: RSS</figcaption></figure>On Monday, Nepal clinched the Three Nations Cup by defeating Bangladesh with a score of 2-1, much to the delight of thousands of football enthusiasts, ending the national team’ goalless streak in international matches.Nepal was held in goalless draws against Kyrgyzstan and Bangladesh in the earlier rounds of the Three Nations Cup played amidst deteriorating air quality due to forest fires.Nepal’s ‘Goal Machine’ <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/women-of-substance/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sabitra Bhandari ‘Samba’</a> admits that male football gets more media coverage and sponsorship than women players internationally. But she says in Nepal the discrepancy is jarring because Nepal’s female footballers have consistently out-performed their male colleagues.Bhandari herself  has scored a phenomenal 38 international goals, the highest in South Asia. She says men’s football gets more financial support in Nepal despite her team’s performance in matches abroad.Fans and even ANFA (All Nepal Football Association) officials were nervous about Nepal's performance in Monday’s final, given the team's apparent inability to score goals in international matches, as the dismal record of the last eight major games showed.Indeed, the Nepal team only made it to the final because Bangladesh defeated Kyrgyzstan in its first match. Sanjog Rai and Bishal Rai sealed the victory in the final game after their first-half goals. Mahburur Rahman’s header goal in the late second half was insufficient for Bangladesh to defeat the home team.Monday’s win was Nepal’s first major one after it defeated Bhutan in the <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/latest/south-asian-games-recap-10-december/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">finals of the 2019 South Asian Games</a> with the same scoreline. It is also the team’s fifth international victory, the last one being the <a href="http://archive.nepalitimes.com/blogs/thebrief/2016/01/23/football-heroes-return-home/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">AFC Solidarity Cup in Malaysia</a> where it beat Macau to lift the title in 2016. <figure><img width="1050" height="693" src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/2022111012110/636cda2e9c7e80680e092ee3jpeg.jpg" alt=""><figcaption>'Goal Machine' Sabitra Bhandari 'Samba'</figcaption></figure>“Men’s football may be technically more demanding and the game physically more draining for the men, but Nepal should have scored 3 or 4 goals against Kyrgyzstan and at least 2 or 3 against Bangladesh,” says Bhandari about the previous matches in the three Nations Cup that she watched. Home crowd support adds to the confidence of athletes but on the flip side, there is also a huge pressure to win, particularly during international matches. “Fans viewing the game can’t imagine the kind of pressure we go through trying to score a goal. But it is not all up to us, the ability of the opposing team also makes a huge difference,” she adds. A team’s <a href="https://archive.nepalitimes.com/article/Nepali-Times-Buzz/nepali-mens-and-womens-football-hasnt-kicked-off,1812" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">performance during international tournaments</a> is also determined by the exposure they have received and the games they had the chance to play previously. The Covid-19 pandemic meant that much of the past year, the footballers had little to no practice or support. Team effort and positive outlook become even more crucial under such circumstances, adds Bhandari who scored 31 goals in India's professional league and 41 goals in the recently concluded Women's National League. “Every goal requires teamwork, positive thinking and an appetite for a win, Nepal did perform well in the end,” Bhandari adds.

Female footballer’s take on Nepal’s win

<figure><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151120/636a65bb9c7e80680e059943jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="1720" height="1146"/><figcaption>Nepali swimmer Gaurika Singh with her family after winning a historic four gold medal at the Games on Monday night. Photo: BIKRAM RAI</figcaption></figure>The second last day of the 13th South Asian Games saw history book rewritten with brilliant performances from Nepali athletes.Gaurika Singh has become among the most decorated sportsperson in the history of Nepal with four individual gold medals at the single edition of South Asian Games. Her latest win came in the women's 100 metres freestyle event.Earlier she clinched gold medals in women's 400 metres freestyle, 200 metres backstroke and 200 metres freestyle events. With the wins Singh has become the face of Nepali swimming and Nepal's Golden Girl.<img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151120/636a65be9c7e80680e059944jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="427"><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151120/636a65c29c7e80680e059945jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="427"><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151120/636a65c59c7e80680e059946jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="427"><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151120/636a65c99c7e80680e059947jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="427">The other significant wins came from boxing when two Nepali players battled out their components to clinch a gold each in men's and women's categories.<figure><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151120/636a65cc9c7e80680e059948jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="3510" height="2340"><figcaption>Nepali Boxers Bupendra Thapa and Minu Gurung.Photos: MONIKA DEUPALA</figcaption></figure><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151120/636a65d09c7e80680e059949jpeg.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="427"><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151120/636a65d39c7e80680e05994ajpeg.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="427"><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151120/636a65d69c7e80680e05994bjpeg.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="426"><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151120/636a65d99c7e80680e05994cjpeg.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="427">Bhupendra Thapa emerged victorious in men's 64k weight category and Minu Gurung in women's 54kg weight category.<figure><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151120/636a65de9c7e80680e05994djpeg.jpg" alt="" width="1800" height="1200"><figcaption>Punam Shrestha wins gold in judo. Photo: RSS</figcaption></figure>Earlier in the day, Nepal won another gold medal in judo when Punam Shrestha defeated her opponent in the women's 78kg category.<img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151120/636a65e19c7e80680e05994ejpeg.jpg" alt="" width="1800" height="1005">In another big match of the day, India defeated Nepal to win gold medal in women's football tournament held in Pokhara. Nepal's men's football team will taken on Sri Lanka on Tuesday at Dasrath Stadium in the much anticipated match. Nepal is the defending champion.<figure><img src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151120/636a65e49c7e80680e05994fjpeg.jpg" alt="" width="1800" height="1100"><figcaption>Bangladeshi archers has won 10 gold medals. Photo: RSS</figcaption></figure>Bangladesh proved to be master archers in this edition of South Asian Games winning 10 gold medals. In shooting, India proved to be a heavyweight with 18 golds out of 20 in the discipline.

South Asian Games Recap 9 December

<figure><img width="4096" height="2730" src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151116/636a654b9c7e80680e05991fjpeg.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption>Nepali cyclists at the individual road race. Photo: Bikram Rai</figcaption></figure>The highlights of today's South Asian Games include Nepal's big win against Maldives in men's football and India leading the total medal tallies with more than 200 medals.In the women's 100m backstroke, India's Manna Rajiv Patel won the gold medal and Nepal's Gaurika Singh claimed silver. Singh has already won 2 gold medals in this year's SAG for swimming. <figure><img width="3600" height="2400" src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151116/636a654f9c7e80680e059920jpeg.jpg" alt=""><figcaption>Photo: RSS</figcaption></figure>Sangita Dhami of Nepal won gold in the 55kg women's wrestling event in Janakpur.  <figure><img width="680" height="382" src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151116/636a65529c7e80680e059921jpeg.jpg" alt=""><figcaption>India's Kabaddi team. Photo: Kabaddi Adda</figcaption></figure>The Indian team secured a spot in the men's Kabaddi finals after beating Bangladesh 44-19 today. The final match will take place on Monday. <img width="383" height="447" src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151116/636a65549c7e80680e059922jpeg.jpg" alt="">Bangladesh's Fatema Muzib won gold in the women's singles fencing sabre category, Ziarul Islam and Mabia Akhter claimed gold in the men's 96kg weightlifting category and the women's 76kg weightlifting category, respectively. <figure><img width="3000" height="2000" src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151116/636a65569c7e80680e059923jpeg.jpg" alt=""><figcaption>Photo: RSS</figcaption></figure>Kiran Singh Bogati from Nepal won the gold in the men's 42.2 km marathon after finishing in 2 hours 21 minutes and 17 seconds. <figure><img width="1800" height="1057" src="https://superdesk-pro-c.s3.amazonaws.com/sd-nepalitimes/20221108151116/636a65599c7e80680e059924jpeg.jpg" alt=""><figcaption>Photo: RSS</figcaption></figure>Nepal beat Maldives 2-1 in the men's football match. Nepal will go against Bangladesh tomorrow.

South Asian Games Recap 7 December

Nepal’s only international aviation gateway, at Kathmandu airport, will cut night-time operation hours to allow construction of taxiways, and airlines have been told to curtail flights. This is expected to lead to more than normal chaos during the height of peak autumn and spring tourist seasons at an airport that is congested even at the best of times. The airport will close from 10PM to 8AM from 8 November-31 March 2025. The taxiways will now connect to the thresholds at both ends of the runway, making the airport more efficient in handling higher frequencies of landings and takeoffs. The parallel taxiway extension will allow international flights to land every 4 minutes instead of the current every 7 minutes. At present planes have to wait to land until a plane taking off backtracks along the runway.&nbsp; Kathmandu is Nepal’s only airport with international operations, and it has only one runway that is only one way in from the south over the mountains. With the taxiway improvement, the airport will be able to handle 42 aircraft landings and takeoffs per hour — double the current capacity.&nbsp; The Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) has been trying to entice international airlines to also start flying to and from the other two international airports at Pokhara and Bhairawa (Lumbini) by slashing landing and handling charges. But so far only Nepal Airlines operates a weekly flight to Bhairawa from Kuala Lumpur.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241018161016_046569e53d1d66cd445cc66c697c0ef724810aec9f54bdf827481e3cd6b80c32.jpg" data-media-id="editor_0" data-image-id="20241018161016_046569e53d1d66cd445cc66c697c0ef724810aec9f54bdf827481e3cd6b80c32" data-rendition-name="original" width="2356" height="1134" loading="lazy" alt="Kathmandu airport expansion"> <figcaption>Kathmandu Airport Expansion plan with extension of taxiways to the thresholds of runways 02 and 20 that will limit airport operations from 8 November 2024 - 31 March 2025. Areas in blue are existing structures, including the international terminal which in future will be the domestic airport, and the new international terminal near the north end of the runway,</figcaption> </figure>   <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241018121028_6e17cc2ee87c1b02d78cb54905825b7aa15299b7a00f5eddb01a59579ab85c1a.jpg" data-media-id="editor_1" data-image-id="20241018121028_6e17cc2ee87c1b02d78cb54905825b7aa15299b7a00f5eddb01a59579ab85c1a" data-rendition-name="original" width="1353" height="1328" loading="lazy" alt="Kathmandu airport NT"> </figure>  CAAN has reportedly told international airlines to cut their flight frequency to Kathmandu citing the shorter operation hours and has told budget airlines to shift some of their flights to Pokhara or Bhairawa, or face cuts. Many airlines currently operate regular flights to and from Kathmandu between 10PM and 8AM: Air Arabia to Sharjah, Fly Dubai to Dubai, Jazeera Airways to Kuwait, Cathay Pacific to Hong Kong, Singapore Airlines, several Nepal Airlines flights, and one of four daily flights by Qatar Airways to Doha. Jazeera Airways, FlyDubai, and Thai AirAsia have applied and got permission from CAAN to begin regular flights to Bhairawa’s Gautam Buddha International Airport. Starting 9 November, FlyDubai will start making a stopover in Bhairawa before flying on to Kathmandu. Immigration, customs and security are all fully functional in Bhairawa. In Kathmandu, the next phase of the airport upgrade includes converting the current international terminal for domestic operations, the construction of a new international terminal where the domestic departure area is now, as well as moving the hangars and the Nepal Army Air Wing to the eastern side of the runway. The apron area will also double its parking space for widebody jets. This is part of a Airport Capacity Enhancement Project that was initially funded through a $80 million loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), and the entire masterplan is expected to cost $800 million. This project is the latest upgrade to Nepal’s only international airport since it saw its first flight in 1949. The current international and domestic terminals are too small to handle the current annual traffic volume of 8.5 million passengers a year that is growing at 20% a year.

Kathmandu airport to cut flight hours

As Kathmandu becomes more congested and polluted, and with remote online work becoming the norm, many professional Nepalis are planning to retire in Pokhara, or move there.&nbsp; With its stunning mountain panorama, balmy winters and proximity to a profusion of wilderness areas, builders are responding to this demand with new townhouses, housing development and apartments. One such block of flats is the 10-storey <a href="https://sungavaapartment.com/">Sungava Apartment</a> located at Phulbari above the Seti River, near the point where it flows into and under Pokhara. The imposing structure near Manipal Hospital is almost complete, and on a recent visit the site was strewn with huge boulders unearthed while digging the foundation.&nbsp; The Seti brought down these boulders during a gigantic flood that geologists estimate happened 800 years ago when a chunk of Annapurna IV broke off and ploughed into the glacier below. Today, Sungava (means ‘orchid’) sits safely on a high terrace, 100m above the blue-green Seti and commands a view of Dhaulagiri, Annapurna South, Machapuchre, Annapurna III and IV.&nbsp;  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/2024102411104_5f8fc736c86ea3c08d7bef43bb727081d3cc1a2caa55ae2b441717e6044de7e9.jpg" data-media-id="editor_1" data-image-id="2024102411104_5f8fc736c86ea3c08d7bef43bb727081d3cc1a2caa55ae2b441717e6044de7e9" data-rendition-name="original" width="2016" height="1512" loading="lazy" alt="High living below the Himalaya NT"> </figure>  The soil here is conglomerate that has solidified like concrete, and the boulders were extracted by heavy earthmovers. It is intriguing to think that these metamorphic rocks as big as cars, rounded by glacial grinding, were once a part of a much higher Annapurna IV. Even for those with little interest in geology, Sungava is an ideal place to contemplate the tectonic forces that pushed these peaks into the sky to be sculpted into delicate shapes by wind, snow, earthquake and avalanche over millions of years. The view of the Himalayan panorama from Sungava’s many balconies are breathtaking when not obscured by clouds, or the haze that drifts in from across the southern border. On most days, just watching the towering pyramid of Machapuchre (Tamu name: कतासुँ क्लिको) play hide and seek with the clouds is mesmerising. There are rocks aplenty at Phulbari, and it is probably the flowers that grew along the flat terraces e that gave the place its flowery name. The boulders will hopefully be turned into a rock garden while landscaping. An nearby restaurant complex is making the best use of the stones in its design, using flat rocks as outdoor benches and tables. Sungava was designed by the husband-wife architect team of Deepak Sherchan and Jyoti Joshi of <a href="https://thedarkmermaidamarbshrestha.blogspot.com/2013/12/creative-builders-collaborative-cbc.html">Creative Builders Collaborative (CBC)</a>, which also built Heritage Plaza, Indreni Apartment and numerous other projects in Nepal. Sadbhavana retains CBC’s trademark Newari-style masonry and here it borrows from the orange brickwork of the old town of Pokhara, integrating it with modern design elements. A few of those heritage houses are still standing in Ganesh Tole and Ram Krishna Tole in Pokhara’s old quarter.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/2024102411108_5eb64a4885961b6d30781cefeb1e8a313da313ac5227c7a66b60f0c7d48d6fab.jpg" data-media-id="editor_3" data-image-id="2024102411108_5eb64a4885961b6d30781cefeb1e8a313da313ac5227c7a66b60f0c7d48d6fab" data-rendition-name="original" width="1362" height="595" loading="lazy" alt="High living below the Himalaya NT"> </figure>  About 400m from the apartment past a bend on the river, and down below three tiers of terraces in the canyon is a suspension bridge. Below it, the Seti is still swollen with post-monsoon flow as it tumbles away in a hurry to head down south.&nbsp; Back at the apartment, it is quiet, far away from the hubbub of Lakeside a 15 minute drive away, and in the lap of greenery. There are 52 units at Sungava and it already has a close-knit prospective community of professionals, including doctors, publishers, engineers, and businesspeople from the renewable energy and IT sectors.&nbsp; Some residents say they opted for a second home in Pokhara to make it a ‘base camp’ to explore the Annapurnas with its many hiking trails made newly accessible with new roads. With the NRN citizenship law, overseas Nepalis can now also buy the flats. &nbsp; The floor plans include options for north and south-facing 3-bedroom apartments with verandas, and the facility has underground parking has EV charging, heated pool, sauna and gym. There are still some unsold apartments with panoramic views of the mountains and one can imagine oneself at the kitchen with its huge window, humming a ditty while preparing breakfast: “खाना पकाउँ हिमाल हेरेर...”

High living below the Himalaya

When the United Nations held its Summit of the Future at its headquarters in New York in September, many world leaders, including Nepal’s Prime Minister K P Oli, highlighted the effect of climate breakdown in increasing the frequency and intensity of natural disasters. What did not get as much attention was the long term impact of the climate crisis on food production. In fact, heat stress, weather extremes and the consequences on rain-fed agriculture is already being felt worldwide, undermining the chances of the <a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/">UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)</a> being met by 2030.&nbsp; The SDG’s 17 targets commit countries like Nepal to reduce poverty and inequality, end malnutrition, protect the natural environment, and ensure that citizens all enjoy health, justice and prosperity without leaving anyone behind.&nbsp; However, besides the impact of climate breakdown on agricultural production, in Nepal the area under cultivation is impacted by urban expansion, falling productivity and the need for expensive inputs like fertiliser and pesticides.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241019041052_626413c5baf4dae407ac9579231b41daeb51510aa636b75aeb7489d94cca6a62.jpg" data-media-id="editor_1" data-image-id="20241019041052_626413c5baf4dae407ac9579231b41daeb51510aa636b75aeb7489d94cca6a62" data-rendition-name="original" width="999" height="1500" loading="lazy" alt="urban agriculture in Kathmandu"> <figcaption>Kathmandu's urban sprawl is eating into its fertile cultivable lands. Photo: TAYLOR MASON</figcaption> </figure>  Now, a new study led by Nepali researcher Prajal Pradhan at the University of Groningen in The Netherlands looks at how urban agriculture may offer a solution to falling food production and meeting SDG targets. The researchers evaluated 1,450 publications exploring the contributions of urban agriculture with both positive and negative effects, and published their findings in the journal Cells Report Sustainability. Urban agriculture can help achieve 17 SDGs, positively influencing 81 targets. However, it could also undermine 51 goals.&nbsp; Read also: <a href="https://nepalitimes.com/here-now/the-vanishing-land">The vanishing land</a>, Taylor Mason “Urban agriculture offers immense potential for sustainable development, but realising this potential depends crucially on adopting practices that minimise its adverse effects while maximising its benefits,” Pradhan explains. Urban agriculture can substantially enhance urban food security, provide employment to the urban poor, serve as ground water recharge in built-up areas, and preserve open spaces that can serve as safe havens during disasters like earthquakes. However, it also presents problems like the potential health risks from contamination and the need for expensive inputs. &nbsp; “Urban agriculture plays a definitive role in advancing the SDGs, but achieving this requires tailored, context-specific solutions that address the unique challenges of different regions,” says Yuanchao Hu of Wuhan University in China and who is a researcher at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. “But it needs equitable access and rigorous management of environmental risks.”&nbsp; Rapid urbanisation is eating into Nepal’s most fertile agricultural land, which means farming in remaining open spaces inside cities can be a viable alternative, especially as food prices rise.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241019041052_7b7c9413086226fbdc630d45acf772cfa1ced77a8970b9056ec5ec7e5226fdf8.jpg" data-media-id="editor_3" data-image-id="20241019041052_7b7c9413086226fbdc630d45acf772cfa1ced77a8970b9056ec5ec7e5226fdf8" data-rendition-name="original" width="1500" height="999" loading="lazy" alt="urban agriculture in Kathmandu"> <figcaption>A vegetable patch in between new houses in Thimi. Photo: TAYLOR MASON</figcaption> </figure>  “The conversion of Nepal’s most fertile land into cities is a severe problem,” Pradhan told Nepali Times. “Crop cultivation, horticulture, agroforestry, beekeeping, livestock rearing, or aquaculture can all be farming activities within and around cities.”&nbsp; The study makes recommendations for sustainable practices that build on the positive aspects of urban agriculture while mitigating the downsides, thereby promoting more resilient cities in future. Research shows that urban agriculture has been helping many countries attain SDG targets by enhancing food security and biodiversity while helping education and preservation of open spaces.&nbsp; Indeed, many farmers from the hinterland who have settled in Kathmandu Valley or other urban areas of the country have been practicing urban agriculture, leasing neighbourhood patches or cultivating roof gardens both out of necessity because of inflation and falling income to grow their own food, and also as a fulfilling hobby. Saurav Dhakal, a sustainability advocate with Story Cycle and now research fellow at the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand, says there are socio-economic and environmental benefits of urban agriculture. “It provides benefits to all urban dwellers, regardless of their income status,” says Dhakal, “families get fresh food, and there are many other benefits like water retention, heat regulation and biodiversity. These are all public goods, so special government incentives may be needed.” It is not unusual to see vegetable patches and even paddy fields within inner city Kathmandu where an older generation of farmers are using available fertile land and <a href="https://archive.nepalitimes.com/article/Nepali-Times-Buzz/rooftop-gardens-kathmandu,1415">roof gardens to produce fresh, nutritious food </a>to reduce their dependence on food items that have to be bought after being trucked in from large distances.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/2024101905100_1291ce98dbbb8caed8702ac4b1d469b3e13016d7ecaaf3bfd5f91c974d3c0c77.jpg" data-media-id="editor_5" data-image-id="2024101905100_1291ce98dbbb8caed8702ac4b1d469b3e13016d7ecaaf3bfd5f91c974d3c0c77" data-rendition-name="original" width="1500" height="999" loading="lazy" alt="urban agriculture in Kathmandu"> <figcaption>An older generation of farmers are using any available fertile land to continue farming but it is getting more and more difficult. Photo: TAYLOR MASON </figcaption> </figure>  Nepal’s urban population grew rapidly from only 3.6% in 1991 to 25% today. There is large outmigration from the mountains to peri-urban areas of the Tarai, to Kathmandu Valley and Pokhara, with many young men then moving abroad for work. Kathmandu Valley’s population has swelled to nearly 3 million, and is growing at 6.5% a year. Dilip Shrestha, 71, used to work for Nepal Food Corporation, so he knew firsthand about inflation, shortages and vegetables with pesticide residue. So, when he designed his new house in Kathmandu, he built a spacious roof where he grows cucumber, ginger, garlic, coriander, onions, tomatoes, chili, beans, okra, pumpkin and lettuce. His family eats healthier, and he has reduced dependence on the market.&nbsp; The co-author of the Cell Reports Sustainability journal article, Daya Raj Subedi who is a PhD candidate at Beijing Forestry University, says urban agriculture also promotes inclusion and psycho-social wellbeing.&nbsp; He says, “A crucial finding of the study is the identification of opportunities and challenges associated with urban agriculture, it can promote sustainable transformation of society.” In Banepa, 55-year-old Bijaya Manandhar in her lifetime has watched the fertile farms of her neighbourhood that used to supply vegetables to Kathmandu, now completely built up with no open space left. The pandemic lockdown prompted her to turn to the family’s <a href="https://nepalitimes.com/banner/rooftop-agriculture-on-the-roof-of-the-world">ancestral livelihood by growing food</a> not on terrace farms, but on the roof terrace. Manandhar is now a part of <a href="https://nepalitimes.com/banner/rooftop-agriculture-on-the-roof-of-the-world%5C%5C">कौसी खेती र करेसाबारी क्रान्ती</a> (Rooftop Farming and Garden Revolution) which has an online membership of 52,000, and awards annual prizes to women who excel in urban agriculture.&nbsp;  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241019041052_7257f5def8f823f35a799fa6f6825e153f2ffa406ac11325d4fe74049b79e96d.jpg" data-media-id="editor_8" data-image-id="20241019041052_7257f5def8f823f35a799fa6f6825e153f2ffa406ac11325d4fe74049b79e96d" data-rendition-name="original" width="1600" height="736" loading="lazy" alt="urban agriculture in Kathmandu"> <figcaption>Rooftop farming is gaining popularity as a form of urban agriculture. </figcaption> </figure>   <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241019041052_beff1a4494ce896dd8fd383ee1f518e5448bcf7ea8bb138255391c7bcb9769ed.jpg" data-media-id="editor_9" data-image-id="20241019041052_beff1a4494ce896dd8fd383ee1f518e5448bcf7ea8bb138255391c7bcb9769ed" data-rendition-name="original" width="4000" height="3000" loading="lazy" alt="urban agriculture in Kathmandu"> </figure>  Pradhan says the challenge now is to upscale such examples of successful urban agricultural practices so they support Neal’s efforts to meet SDG targets. He adds, “Crop cultivation around cities can be protected by land use plans and regulations. Promoting community-based agriculture, including rooftop gardens, requires community engagement and public-private partnerships across the food value chain.”&nbsp; Such support would accelerate the popularity of existing rooftop farming and community gardens in Kathmandu Valley, or kitchen garden initiatives in Pokhara, and building on traditional farming practices that are preserved and integrated into urban settings like in Bhaktapur and Banepa. In Lalitpur, the Women Entrepreneurship Facilitation Center promotes urban farming enhancing both sustainability and empowerment.&nbsp; Another co-author of the report, Yuanchao Hu from China says followup research of the team will aim to identify good practices in local urban agriculture practices. He adds, “There are examples of urban agriculture that optimise sustainability, ensuring that it remains a viable solution for cities globally while countries try to meet SDG targets.” Prajal Pradhan, Daya Raj Subedi, Kshitij Dahal, Yuanchao Hu, Prakriti Gurung, Sijal Pokharel, Sagar Kafle, Biplav Khatri, Sudeeksha Basyal, Monika Gurung, and Aruna Joshi. Urban Agriculture matters for sustainable development. Cell Reports Sustainability, 1:100217, 2024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crsus.2024.100217] Prajal Pradhan (<a href="mailto:p.pradhan@rug.nl">p.pradhan@rug.nl</a>) This article is brought to you by <a href="https://nepalitimes.com/" target="_blank">Nepali Times</a>, in collaboration with <a href="https://inpsjapan.com/en/" target="_blank">INPS Japan</a> and <a href="https://sgi-peace.org/" target="_blank">Soka Gakkai International</a>, in consultative status with UN ECOSOC.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20240630110640_30c3782f9c09219bf1c249b51483a3cfb7a53a06d117d2aebd23ca7080d12758.jpg" data-media-id="editor_14" data-image-id="20240630110640_30c3782f9c09219bf1c249b51483a3cfb7a53a06d117d2aebd23ca7080d12758" data-rendition-name="original" width="680" height="103" loading="lazy" alt="SDG logo"> </figure>

Back to the land in the cities

The 700-year-old Lakshmi Narasingha temple in Bhaktapur houses a rare half-lion and half-human incarnation of Lord Vishnu carrying the Goddess Lakshmi. The temple was destroyed in the 1934 mega earthquake that killed 10,000 people and destroyed many monuments in Kathmandu Valley. It was rebuilt by a German project in the 1980s, but as a single-storey structure instead of its original two-tier pagoda design.&nbsp; With new findings from in-depth research, Bhaktapur municipality began re-restoring the temple in 2021, preserving its original architecture.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241017131016_2fae38cce543ad7b1f6de632feb3e212e08ed1acedd747830e949d7b8e878f18.jpg" data-media-id="editor_0" data-image-id="20241017131016_2fae38cce543ad7b1f6de632feb3e212e08ed1acedd747830e949d7b8e878f18" data-rendition-name="original" width="2048" height="1365" loading="lazy" alt="In with the old in Nepal NT"> </figure>  “Our temples and heritage sites hold deep meaning. It is disheartening to witness how often they lose their original elements, whether by design or accident,” explains Kumar Chawal of the Consumer Committee of Bhaktapur. “There is a need to preserve our architecture and protect its historical value for future generations. Otherwise, we risk losing a vital part of our identity.” The Laksmi Narsingha restoration is similar to the Bhai Dega temple in Patan Darbar Square which also collapsed in 1934, but was rebuilt with a Moghul-style dome by the Rana government at the time. Only two months before the 2015 earthquake, heritage conservationists had started to rebuild Bhai Dega as the original three-tier based on early photographs. But priorities shifted when four other temples in the square were brought down by the 7.8M earthquake on 25 April 2015.&nbsp;  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241017131016_697ea707d9ad163be5de5f2efbf5b70d3cab771adcc22f0fae6bf937c6cb0130.jpg" data-media-id="editor_1" data-image-id="20241017131016_697ea707d9ad163be5de5f2efbf5b70d3cab771adcc22f0fae6bf937c6cb0130" data-rendition-name="original" width="2048" height="1365" loading="lazy" alt="In with the old in Nepal NT"> </figure>  This showed how damage to monuments in Kathmandu Valley spanned from one earthquake to the next. Bhai Dega restoration remains half-complete to this day because money for its restoration ran out.&nbsp; Whereas Bhai Dega restoration was done by the Kathmandu Valley Preservation Trust with grants from western embassies and international foundations, in Bhaktapur it is the municipality itself that allocated the Rs30.7 million needed to restore the Lakshmi Narasingha temple. The expected date of completion is early 2025. The municipality and local communities are focusing on two main aspects: preserving the past and promoting localisation. The restoration team has designed a blueprint for the temple by using historical photographs and insights from older generations.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241017131016_182882fdc393c99e70d1d0490319e415229563666c4934e3a582426ebf00ca30.jpg" data-media-id="editor_2" data-image-id="20241017131016_182882fdc393c99e70d1d0490319e415229563666c4934e3a582426ebf00ca30" data-rendition-name="original" width="1200" height="560" loading="lazy" alt="In with the old in Nepal NT"> </figure>  “At first, the Lakshmi Narasingha temple had only one entrance, but during the demolition process, we uncovered the foundations of four doors. Now, we are restoring all of them. This is an example of how our ancient structures have changed over time, often without our knowledge,” says Chawal. “Constructing temples is not like building houses. They carry historical and spiritual values, which is why they hold a special place in our hearts,” he adds. By replicating ancient design elements and rebuilding the temple as accurately as possible to its original form, the team has stayed true to Bhaktapur’s soul. But the restoration also revived ancient techniques that were in danger of being forgotten, generating employment for woodcarvers, masons, and contractors. The community of Bhaktapur’s Gahiti neighbourhood near the famous Nyatapola Temple has also set aside specific days for locals to volunteer in the reconstruction work. This has encouraged young people to take pride in ownership of their heritage. Families have also supported the effort by donating funds for bells, the temple pinnacle, and other structural features to the temple.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20241017131016_db850ec0c084cdbe54f65bee92dad2ad8122d20fd60ec87ec086fbb9d2f72bd6.jpg" data-media-id="editor_3" data-image-id="20241017131016_db850ec0c084cdbe54f65bee92dad2ad8122d20fd60ec87ec086fbb9d2f72bd6" data-rendition-name="original" width="2048" height="1365" loading="lazy" alt="In with the old in Nepal NT"> </figure>  “I feel at peace knowing I have contributed my sweat to restoring this temple,” said one volunteer. “It is our duty to preserve our temples and heritage. The Nyatapola area will look magical once this temple is completed.” Community mobilisation is a long-standing tradition in Bhaktapur. In the past, locals have actively participated in the restoration of other temples in the city, such as Bhairav and Nyatapola fostering a strong sense of ownership. This collective engagement has not only been crucial in preserving the city's historical monuments but also in strengthening the bond between local communities and their heritage, says officials at the municipality. While securing funding is essential, and the municipality showed it values heritage conservation, the Lakshmi Narasingha restoration is proof that active involvement and sense of responsibility of the local community is as important, if not more. Local involvement also means that the monuments will be cared for into the future, When locals take ownership of these efforts, the restored monuments are not only protected in the present but are also cared for in the future.